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A HOARD FROM SIDE 


By C. T. SELTMAN 


THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
BROADWAY AT I56TH STREET 
, NEW YORK 
ce Ni 1924 


PUBLICATIONS 


The American Journal of Numismatics, 
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Quarterly, July, 1870—October, 1912. 
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of the International Exhibition of Contem- 
porary Medals. March, 1910. New and 
revised edition. New York. 1911. xxxvi, 
412 pages, 512 illustrations. $10.00. 


The American Numismatic Society. Exhibi- 
tion of United States and Colonial Coins. 
1914. vii, 134 pages, 40 plates. $1.00. 


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COPYRIGHT, 1924, BY 





Ad N35 6 “Yn. C. Wp. Dalle 





A HOARD FROM SIDE 
By C. T. SELTMAN 


In the autumn of 1922 a small hoard 
of coins, mainly of the fifth century B.c., 
was brought to Greece by a refugee 
from Eski-Adalia—the ancient Side— 
close to which place the man declared it 
had been found. He stated that the 
complete hoard had comprised 26 silver 
pieces as well as a gold and carbuncle 
bracelet of Cypriote type [Fig. 1]. The 
latter I was able to study in Athens 
along with 18 of the silver pieces, which 
were all marked by the same type of 
patination characterized by a consider- 
able deposit of iron oxide. The hoard 
had evidently been buried in some iron 
receptacle. This uniform oxidization 
makes it clear that the silver, at any 
rate, is all from the same small find. 


NUMISMATIC NOTES 





SIDE HOAs 


The following list includes all the 
pieces which I have been able to exam- 
ine personally. The eight coins which I 
did not see were, I was informed, dupli- 
cates of Nos. 6, 7 and g described below. 


ATHENS. 


BEFORE B.C. 407. 


I TETRADRACHM. 


Head of Athena of archaistic style to]. 
r. in high, relief; upon: her shelmer 
three olive-leaves and a floral scroll, 
her hair in bands across her temples; 
necklace with pendant pearls, large © 
earring. 

Rev. A®E to r. downwards: owl r., 
head facing; behind, twig with olive 
and two leaves, and small decrescent 
moon: incuse square. 


a. Theophiles, Athens: 17.24 g (266 grains). 
Plate I 


CORINTH. 
BEFORE B.C. 480. 


2°STATER. 


°K below: Pegasus, bridled and with 
curled wing, to r. 





NUMIS M*A Te Ce Nee 











Sogo OAR D 


Rev. Head of Athena to r. of archaic 
style wearing Corinthian helmet, hair 
in queue: incuse square. 


a. Theophiles, Athens: 8.62 g. (133 grains). 
Plate I 


SLDE, 


Firryu CEeEnTurRY B.C. 


SOTATER. 

Pomegranate in high relief, stalk 

curved to 1.; to r. of ity[?]: guilloche 

border. 

Rev. Head of Athena to r.; of archaic 

style wearing Corinthian helmet, hair 

in queue: incuse square. 

a. Jameson, Paris: 10.89 g. (168 grains). 
Plate I 

4 STATER. 

Similar: no trace of a letter: guil- 

loche border. 

Rev. Similar; head smaller, the hel- 

met tipped back: incuse square. 

a. Petsalis, Athens: 10.92 g. (168.5 grains). 


Plate I 
BIST ATER., 


Similar: traces of guilloche border. 
Rev. Head of Athena r. in crested 





moO MONOGRAPHS 














SLDEsH OAK 








Corinthian helmet, hair in curls at 
back of neck: incuse square. 


a. Petsalis, Athens: 10.89 g. (168 grains). 
Plate I 
b. Theophiles, Athens: 10.95 g. (169 grains). 


On both specimens a large flaw on the obv. 
to r. of the fruit. From the same pair of 
dies is the coin in B.M.C. Lycia, etc., p. 
144, 8, Pl. xxvi, 1, struck before the flaw 
developed. From the same oby. die is the 
coin in Babelon, Traité No. 874, Pl. xxiv, 
4 (Paris). 










6 STATER. 


Pomegranate, stalk curved to 1.; to 1. 
of the fruit Wy [?]: border of dots. 
Rev. Similar; the helmet larger, the 
crest with two tails; the head smaller, 
eyelashes indicated, hair short, neck- 
lace with pendant pearls; in front 
above, twig with olive and two leaves: 
incuse square. 


a. Seltman, Cambridge: 10.43.72, (eon 
grains). Plate II 
b. Petsalis, Athens: 10.69 g. (165 grains). 

ate II 
c. Seltman, Cambridge: 10.61 g. (163.7 
grains). 

















7 STATER. 

Same die as last. 
Rev. Similar; crest with one tail; the 
head large and in higher relief, hair 










NUM IS MAT TC Vi Gres 






peas ia OUA R DD 








in short curls, truncation of neck 
meets lower border of square: in 
front above, twig with olive and four 
leaves: incuse square. 
a. Petsalis, Athens: 10.90 g. (168.2 grains). 
Plate II 
b. Theophiles, Athens: 10.69 g. (165 grains). 
c. Theophiles, Athens: 10.66 g. (164.5 
grains). 
d. Theophiles, Athens: 10.69 g. (165 grains). 
e. Comte de Nanteuil, Paris: 10.96 g. (169.2 
grains). Plate II 


Countermark on obv. above a four-legged 
animal [?] tol. (cf. the countermarks on 
coins of Nagidos and Side, Babelon, Traité, 
Piece. 12) 563) Pl; exit, a1). 


It is almost certain that the three following 
staters are a part of the hoard: 


f, Cat. Naville v (Lucerne, 1923), Pl. Ixxiv, 
2707: 10.80 g. (166.7 grains). 
Pemae2706 > 10.50 9. (163.5 grains). 
h. ibid. 2709: 10.82 g. (167 grains). 
From the same pair of dies are the coins in 
mma, LCG, €ic,, Pp. 144, 7; Pl. xxv, 11; 
and in Babelon, Traité No. 883, Pl. xxiv, 9 
(Paris); and in the Cat. Philipsen Coll. 
iwrecn at. xxv, Munich, 1909), Pl. xxx, 
2634. 

ASPENDOS. 


Enp oF FirtH CENTURY B.C. 
8 STATER. 


Two wrestlers: the one to the r. grips 
his opponent by the neck and 1. thigh: 








2 DM ON:OG R.A PHS 








SIDE HOARD 


the other grips the first by the 1. arm 
and by a belt which the right-hand 
man wears: exergual line: border of 
dots. 

Rev. [E]STFE to 1. downwards: 
nude slinger discharging sling to r.: 
in field triskeles of human legs turn- 
ing to l.: dotted square within incuse 
square. 


a. Peterson, St. Andrews: 10.92 g. (168.5 
grains). Plate III 


9 STATER. 


Similar, but each grasps at the other’s 
belt: no exergual line: border of dots. 


Rev. Slinger looking up and discharg- 
ing sling to r.; he wears short chiton: 
triskeles as before: dotted square 
within incuse square. ' 


a. Peterson, St. Andrews: 11.08 g. (171 
grains). 
Plate III 
CITIUM, 


Ba’ALRAM, CIRCA B.C. 400—392. 
9 


10 STATER. 


Heracles, wearing lion’s skin over 
head and hanging down back, tail 
curling up behind, advancing to r. 


NUMISMATIC NOTES 





elDE, HOARD 


brandishing club behind his head: 
border of dots. 

Rev. 4e3C¥44¥$] above; lion r. bring- 
ing down stag which kneels r.: square 
of small dots within incuse square. 


a. Petsalis, Athens: 11.01 g. (170 grains). 
Overstruck on an A‘ginetan stater of circa 
Bo, 4o4, On-rey.; to the 1. of the flan 
appears the head of the tortoise, its r. hind 
foot above the nose of the stag. In front 
of Heracles, traces of the Aginetan incuse 
square. Plate III 


SILVER FINGER-RING. 


11 WEIGHT OF A REDUCED AZGINETAN 
STATER. 
Outer diameter 2.5 mm. Each ex- 
tremity ending in a lion’s head, the 
one overlapping the other. Cypriote 
fabric. 


Petets0u, ot. Andrews: 11.79 g. (182 
. grains). be Plate III 


GOLD AND CARBUNCLE BRACELET. 


12 ELEVEN CARBUNCLE Beaps of 
astragaloid shape joined by links of 
gold wire: at one end a golden lion’s 
head. 


mw D- MONOGRAPHS 














SIT DE HOW Rs 





This hoard presents several points of 
interest which appear to make it worthy 
of publication. 

As regards its composition, sixteen 
pieces certainly—twenty-four, according 
to the report of the refugee—come from 
the southern Anatolian region and Cy- 
prus, while two are issued by states of 
Greece Proper. The Athenian tetra- 










NUMISMATIC VN Gra 


pelo OVA RD 


drachm (No. 1) is an admirably pre- 
served piece—well struck, but made 
from coarsely engraved dies—which is 
in all probability to be assigned to the 
period between B.c. 412 and 405.1 

Earlier in date—indeed the earliest 
coin in the hoard—is the Corinthian 
stater (No. 2) which betrays all the 
characteristics of real archaism, in- 
cluding that of the full almond-shaped 
eye. Sir Charles Oman has shown ? that 
coins of a style slightly later than this 
piece are to be placed immediately after 
the Persian Wars, whence it would seem 
that this coin must be dated between 
isoo0 and 480 sB.c. The obverse die 
closely resembles another from which 
was struck a stater in the British 
Museum,? the latter stater obviously 
being a contemporary coin. Its presence 
in the company of the Sidetan pieces is 
of interest as showing that this Corinth- 
Jian stater, and others like it, served as 
prototypes for the coins of Side with 
the head of Athena. 

Of the history of Side before the con- 





Meno MONOGRAPHS 











o 1 DE oo OAR 


quests of Alexander we know next to 
nothing. Arrian* relates that the city 
was the earliest colony of Cyme in 
fEolis, and that the Sidetans had for- 
gotten their own Greek language and 
formed a peculiar speech of their own 
differing from their neighbors’ tongue. 
A fourth-century Greek inscription 
found on the site,> however, proves 
this statement to be an exaggeration, 
though the fourth-century coins of Side 
show that the Phcenician alphabet and a 
dialect akin to Aramaic were more 
popular in the city than was Greek. 
For on the coins we find a legend 
which Six® has read as I43 5VAYW 
[="Adoun 3(c)d(y)r(ov)], or “Lord 
of Side,’ placed beside the figure of 
Apollo. On these same coins a statue of 
Athena appears upon the obverse, and 
beside her the pomegranate (oi8y)— 
the city’s coat-of-arms. The cults of 
these two deities which predominated in 
Side are perhaps significant of the amal- 
gamation of an Anatolian-Hittite with 
an Hellenic population. If so, the god 


NUMISMATIC NOTES 


mote Ht O AR’ D 





‘represented in the guise of Apollo is 
akin on the one hand to the Lycian 
Meityerand on the other hand to: the 
Anatolian Attis-Adonis; while Athena 
is the goddess of the Greek-A¢olic ele- 
ment in the city. 

It is worthy of note that on the sixth- 
century coins of Side there appear the 
dolphins sacred to the god.” In the 
early fifth century the head of Apollo 
Eiaeeurst .occtipies? the.:reverse of the 
coins,* to be succeeded shortly by the 
head of Athena wearing an Attic 
helmet.® To the second half of the fifth 
century belong the coins from the 
present hoard, as well as others related 
to them, all bearing a head of Athena 
wearing a helmet of Corinthian shape; 
while in the fourth century, as we have 
seen, Athena and Apollo are given equal 
honour, each deity appearing on either 
side of the coins. 

Our main concern must, however, be 
with the Sidetan coins on the reverses 
of which appears the head of Athena 
wearing a Corinthian helmet—a type 


AND ,MONOGRAPHS 









SIDE SH OAR 










derived from the coinage of Corinth, as 
is proved by Nos. 2, 3 and 4 of the hoard 
under discussion. We are accustomed 
to associate the Corinthian money with 
the western rather than with the eas- 
tern trade-routes; especially since it is 
probably found in larger quantities in 
Italy and Sicily than in Greece Proper. 
Side, however, appears to have had a 
considerable amount of trade with the 
west; for not only are the heads on 
Nos. 3 and 4 copies of those on Corin- 
thian coins, but the guilloche border, 
which on the obverse surrounds the 
pomegranate, seems to be adopted from 
even more westerly prototypes, namely, 
from the issues of Magna Grecian cities 
and notably from that of Tarentum.?° 
In view of the fact that the facing head 
of Arethusa by the Syracusan Kimon 
was copied closely on the coins which 
Pharnabazus struck in: Cilicia, this need 
occasion no surprise. 

On No. 5, of which a better specimen 
exists in the British Museum, the 
guilloche border still appears; but the 


























NUMISMATIC NOTES 








mew HO A RD 


reverse design has departed from its 
Corinthian prototype, for the helmet is 
now decorated with a crest. This decora- 
tion is likewise found upon the broad 
pieces of subsequent issue (Nos. 6, 7), 
which have a further addition to the 
type in the shape of a twig of olive. On 
the obverses of these coins—all struck 
from a single anvil die—a circle of dots 
has replaced the guilloche border. This 
die is represented by eleven specimens in 
the hoard, as well as by three other 
specimens which are noted above. On 
all these examples there appear to the 
left of the pomegranate certain lines 
which resemble the letters yy (38), 
while on No. 3 of our hoard the letter 
Y (3) seems visible, touching the right 
“shoulder” of the fruit. 

Now, we have already seen that on 
the fourth-century staters of Side the 
letters y3Z —of which the fifth-century 
equivalents would be ‘y—appear reg- 
ularly in the ethnic. Hence, it is probable 
that Y and 'Y stand for the Greek 3 
and SA, initials of the first or two first]- 


Peeoe wm ONOGRAPHS 





STL DE AOR 


syllables of the Sidetan name. The two 


characters are, of course, placed in the| 
wrong order upon the later die, in which 
respect the legend would be at variance 
with the normal Phoenician or Aramaic 
practice. But a mixed population, which, 
as Six has shown,!” inserted a Greek 0 
and Y into an Aramaic alphabet, would 
not be too scrupulous about a retrograde 
legend. 

Before passing on to the remainder 
of the hoard it may be worth summariz- 
ing such of the Sidetan staters with the 
head of Athena in a Corinthian helmet 
as have come under my notice, since 
the specimens in this find seem to eluci- 
date their sequence :— 


NO CREST. 


i. Side hoard No. 3. 

ii. British Museum, formerly Sir H. 
Weber Coll. Num. Chron. 1920. Pl 
Xiv, 12: 

iii. Side hoard No. 4. 


CREST ON HELMET. 


iv. B. M. C. Lyciap eet eevee 
v. Side hoard No. 5 (same dies as iv). 


NUMISMATLC N Oi 


pees 1 OAR D 


vi. Babelon, Traité, Pl. xxiv, 4 (same 
anvil die as iv and v). 
vii. Babelon, Traité, Pl. xxiv, 7. Guilloche 
border still present, but flan broader. 
Vili. Cat. K. Jameson Coll.; Pl. Ixxix, 1593= 
well-known Amateur (Warren) Sale, 
197=Benson Sale, 732. 
ix. Side hoard No. 6. 
x. Side hoard No. 7 and three other speci- 
mens cited. 
ai at. Hirsch xxxi (Munich, ror2), PI. 
Xiil, 479: apparently a semi-barbarous 
imitation of x. 


Two staters of Aspendos formed part 
of the hoard, and of these the first (No. 
8) would seem to be the prototype of 
the very abundant coinage which covers 
most of the fourth, and possibly a part 
of the third, century. On this piece the 
wrestlers are depicted with a rendering 
which is far superior to that of any 
of the Aspendian pieces hitherto pub- 
lished;'® particularly noticeable is the 
admirable treatment of their muscles. 
The reverse of the coin differs from all 
recorded specimens in that it shows a 
nude slinger instead of the usual figure 
wearing a short chiton. Epigraphically 
the coin is linked with the earliest 
specimen of the series which the British 


AND MONOGRAPHS 


SIDE HOARD 


Museum possesses, for our coin has the 
legend ESTFE, which reappears, written 
from right to left upon the piece in the 
National Collection.4 

The other Aspendian stater (No. 9) 
differs only in minor details from the 
coin just referred to in the British 
Museum. : 

From the composition of this hoard, it 
would appear that this type may have 
originated in Aspendos shortly before 400 
B.c.—the earliest date usually assigned 
to these coins. In confirmation of this 


we may note that several coins of Side 
which were issued in the early years of 
the fourth century are overstruck upon 
coins of Aspendos with the “slinger and 
wrestlers” type.t> This makes it all the 
more probable that the earlier Aspendian 
staters were issued in the fifth century 


Bic, 

Finally we must consider the two 
Cypriote pieces in the hoard, the rare 
stater of Ba’alram, king of Citium, and 
the silver ring. Of these the former, 
(No. 10), in spite of the fact that it is 


NUMISMATIC WN Oe 





pero dt OLA RD 


overstruck, seems to afford a clearer 
picture of Heracles than do either of 
the published staters of this king.1¢ 
This may possibly be the latest coin 
in the find, for it has been shown 
by Babelon and Hill?” that Ba’alram 
reigned at Citium between 400 and 392 
B.c. Additional interest is given to this 
specimen by the fact that it is over- 
struck on an A*ginetan “tortoise” which 
cannot have been issued before 404 B.c., 
since it is of the type struck by the 
7Eginetans when Lysander had restored 
them to their island after the downfall 
of Athens. As the weight of the coin 
is, like all contemporary Cypriote pieces, 
considerably below the standard A¢gin- 
etic weight, it follows that the “tortoise” 
must have been pared down before the 
types of Citium were struck upon it. 
Not so the piece, possibly a coin which 
we may presume was used by some Cyp- 
riote silversmith for conversion into a 
finger-ring, (No. 11). The monetary 
standard of Cyprus has been regarded 
as “a reduced form of the A ginetic,”?® 


AND MONOGRAPHS 








9 1 DE *HiQraskeD 



























and the best evidence is afforded by a 
tetrobol of the sixth century which yields 
a stater of | 1101 /)grammesuai ea 
grains).1® This corresponds closely with 
the ring which weighs 11.79 grammes 
(182 grains) and shows signs of con- 
siderable wear. It may well be as old} 
as the oldest coin in the hoard—the 
Corinthian stater—and if this were so, 
it might be contemporary with the sixth- 
century tetrobol just referred to. In any 
case the ring likewise appears to point 
to the derivation of the Cypriote 
standard from the A*ginetan. 

Perhaps the main point of interest 
about this small Pamphylian hoard is 
the fact that the local currency was 
buried in company with money which 
hailed originally from the three most 
prolific coining centers of Hellas— 
fegina, Corinth, and Athens. The hoard 
is a fresh index of the constant trade 
relations between west and east. 








NUMISMATIUCN © Fits 























por HOARD 


NOTES 


1The plated tetradrachms with copper core to 
which Aristophanes refers (Frogs, 725 f.)—‘“‘Sorry 
brass just struck last week and branded with a 
wretched brand,’’ show the same character and 
must certainly belong to the year 406 B.c. (cf. 
Hist. Num.? p. 373). The less coarsely drawn 
coins, as in B. M. C. Attica Pl. iii, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 8, 
belong to the Pentecontaety and the earlier period 
of the Pelopennesian War. 


2C. W. C. Oman in Corolla Numis., p. 209. 
“p.m, C. Corinth, Pl. iu, .6. 


4 Arrian, Anab. i, 26, cf. also Scylax, Periplus 
p. 40, Strabo xiv, p. 667, and Stephanus Byzan- 
tings, vu. Side. 


5 Lanckoronski, Stadte Pamphiliens u. Pisiden 
(Vienna 1890) i, p.-185, No. 106. 


6 Six, Num. Chron. 1897, p. 194 ff. 


™G. Macdonald, Cat. Hunterian Coll. ii, Pl. 
iii eck sbabelon, | ratte, Pl;-xxiv, 11, 13, The 
order in which the coins are described and figured 
in Traité is at variance with the proper sequence 
of fabric and technique. 


§ Macdonald, /. c. Pl. lviii, 6. Babelon, /. c. 878, 
Piety ac 5, 


Sbabelon s1.¢c.. 3870, S80, Pl. xxiv, 6. B.M.C. 
eycit, ete., Pl. xxv, 7; °8,. 9. 


10 Evans, ‘Horsemen of ‘Tarentum,” p. 2, 
however, looks upon this border as Assyrian in 
origin. 


eiieGy IoVctd,-etc., p. 144, 8; Pl. xxvi, 1. 


AND MONOGRAPHS 





SI DEsHOA KD 


122 Num. Chron. 1897, p. 202. 


18-Cf, Bs M. Cy Lycia; (ete, Pixar eetoea oe 
Babelon, Traité, Pl. cxhii, 16 to 18. 


4B. M,C es press a1 4 eis 


15 Six, Num. Chron. 1807, Dp. 195, 6. “Coll 
Weber, surfrappée’’; and 7, ‘“‘Tous deux surfrap- 
pées sur des statéres d’Aspendus.”’ 


16 B.M.C. Cyprus, Pl. xix, 4, $3) the arst- com 
in Paris, the second in Berlin. At the time of 
the catalogue’s publication the British Museum 
possessed no specimen of this rare stater. 

wT. oc. p. xxxiii, 


18 Hill, ] ee pete 


19'L. CoiD. OAS opal doe Olas 


NUMISMATIC NOs 










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Numismatic Notes anp MonocrapHs 
(Continvep) | 


11, Harrold E. Gillingham. French Orders 
and Decovations. 1922. 110 pages. 35 
plates. $2.00. 


12. Howland Wood. Gold Dollars of 1858, 
1922. 7 pages. 2 plates. soc. 


13. R..B. Whitehead. Pre-Mohammedan - 
Coinage of N. W. India. 1922. 56 
pages. 15 plates. $2.00. 


14. George F. Hill. © Attambelos 1 of 
ea shag 1922. 12 pages. g plates. 
1.00. . : 


15. M. P. Vlasto. Taras Oikistes (A Con- 
tribution to Tarentine Numismatics). 
1922. 234 pages. 13 plates. $3.50. 


16. Howland Wood. Commemorative Coin- Pe 
age of United States. 1922. 63 pages. det 
7 plates. $1.50. af hole asst 
17. Agnes Baldwin. Six Roman Bronze | 
Medallions. 1923. 39 pages. 6 plates. * 
~ $1.50. ; CE tae Ne 
18. Howland Wood. Tegucigalpa Coinage 
) of 1823. 1923. 16 pages. 2 plates, 
50c. . Bee ea 
19. Edward T. Newell. Alexander Hoards— —s—_ 
I, emanhur Hoard. 1923. 162 
pages. 8 plates. $2.50. Pea Chee tal 
20. Harrold E. Gillingham.. Italian Orders of Eee 
Chivalry and Medals of Honour. 1923. 
146 pages. 34 plates. $2.00. = et ah 
21. Edward T. Newell. Alexander Hoards. — 
III. Andritsaena. 1924. 39 pages. 6 
plates. $1.00... . it Ay By 





